See Midway p. Dewey number: R WOR. This volume details the events of the war from September to August , week by week and even hour by your for certain key events such as the D-Day landing. It contains black and white and colour photographs, some of them full page size and the content has been checked by senior British military chiefs. Topics include "The Technology of the War", which details machinery as it developed in all waring nations for the war in the air, on land and at sea. This book graphically charts the war's political, military, economic and social history through maps.
Army and Marine assault units stormed ashore on Peleliu on September 15, and it was announced that organized resistance was almost entirely ended on September Marines of the first Marine Division stand by the corpses of two of their comrades, who were killed by Japanese soldiers on a beach on Peleliu island, Republic of Palau, in September of After the end of the invasion, 10, of the 11, Japanese soldiers stationed on the island had been killed, only some captured.
A few seconds after this picture was taken the aircraft was engulfed in flames. The design of the para-frag bomb enabled low flying bombing attacks to be carried out with higher accuracy. Douglas MacArthur, center, is accompanied by his officers and Sergio Osmena, president of the Philippines in exile, extreme left, as he wades ashore during landing operations at Leyte, Philippines, on October 20, , after U.
The bodies of Japanese soldiers lie strewn across a hillside after being shot by U. Smoke billows up from the Kowloon Docks and railroad yards after a surprise bombing attack on Hong Kong harbor by the U. Army 14th Air Force October 16, A Japanese fighter plane left center turns in a climb to attack the bombers. Between the Royal Navy yard, left, enemy vessels spout flames, and just outside the boat basin, foreground, another ship has been hit.
A Japanese torpedo bomber goes down in flames after a direct hit by 5-inch shells from the aircraft carrier USS Yorktown, on October 25, Landing barges loaded with U. The men aboard the crafts watch the dramatic battle in the sky as they approach the shore.
This photo provided by former Kamikaze pilot Toshio Yoshitake, shows Yoshitake, right, and his fellow pilots, from left, Tetsuya Ueno, Koshiro Hayashi, Naoki Okagami and Takao Oi, as they pose together in front of a Zero fighter plane before taking off from the Imperial Army airstrip in Choshi, just east of Tokyo, on November 8, None of the 17 other pilots and flight instructors who flew with Yoshitake on that day survived. Yoshitake only survived because an American warplane shot him out of the air, he crash-landed and was rescued by Japanese soldiers.
A Japanese kamikaze pilot in a damaged single-engine bomber, moments before striking the U. A closer view of the Japanese kamikaze aircraft, smoking from antiaircraft hits and veering slightly to left moments before slamming into the USS Essex on November 25, Fire-fighters and scattered fragments of the Japanese aircraft cover the flight deck.
The plane struck the port edge of the flight deck, landing among planes fueled for takeoff, causing extensive damage, killing 15, and wounding Photo made by a Naval Photographer, who flew over the armada of Navy and coast guard vessels in a Navy search plane. Marine, killed by Japanese sniper fire, still holds his weapon as he lies in the black volcanic sand of Iwo Jima, on February 19, , during the initial invasion on the island.
In the background are the battleships of the U. Suribachi, Iwo Jima, on February 23, The Battle of Iwo Jima was the costliest in Marine Corps history, with almost 7, Americans killed in 36 days of fighting.
Rather than engage sizable Japanese garrisons, these operations were designed to cut them off and let them "wither on the vine. Known as "island hopping," U. As the island-hopping campaign began, MacArthur continued his push in New Guinea while other Allied troops were engaged in clearing the Japanese from the Aleutians.
The initial move of the island-hopping campaign came in the Gilbert Islands when U. The capture of the island was necessary as it would allow the Allies to move on to the Marshall Islands and then the Marianas. Understanding its importance, Admiral Keiji Shibazaki, Tarawa's commander, and his 4,men garrison heavily fortified the island.
On November 20, , Allied warships opened fire on Tarawa, and carrier aircraft began striking targets across the atoll. Around a. Their landings were hampered by a reef yards offshore that prevented many landing craft from reaching the beach.
After overcoming these difficulties, the Marines were able to push inland, though the advance was slow. Around noon, the Marines were finally able to penetrate the first line of Japanese defenses with the assistance of several tanks that had come ashore. Over the next three days, US forces succeeded in taking the island after brutal fighting and fanatical resistance from the Japanese.
In the battle, U. Of the Japanese garrison, only seventeen Japanese soldiers remained alive at the end of the fighting along with Korean laborers. Using the lessons learned at Tarawa, U. The first target in the chain was Kwajalein. Beginning on January 31, , the islands of the atoll were pummeled by naval and aerial bombardments. Additionally, efforts were made to secure adjacent small islands for use as artillery firebases to support the main Allied effort.
These were followed by landings carried out by the 4th Marine Division and the 7th Infantry Division. These attacks easily overran the Japanese defenses, and the atoll was secured by February 3. As at Tarawa, the Japanese garrison fought to nearly the last man, with only of nearly 8, defenders surviving. As US amphibious forces sailed northwest to attack Eniwetok , the American aircraft carriers were moving to strike the Japanese anchorage at Truk Atoll.
A principal Japanese base, US planes struck the airfields and ships at Truk on February 17 and 18, sinking three light cruisers, six destroyers, over twenty-five merchantmen, and destroying aircraft. As Truk was burning, Allied troops began landing at Eniwetok. Focusing on three of the atoll's islands, the effort saw the Japanese mount a tenacious resistance and utilize a variety of concealed positions. Despite this, the islands of the atoll were captured on February 23 after a brief but sharp battle.
With the Gilberts and Marshalls secure, U. Comprised primarily of the islands of Saipan , Guam, and Tinian, the Marianas were coveted by the Allies as airfields that would place the home islands of Japan within range of bombers such as the B Superfortress.
At a. Fighting their way ashore, Smith's men met determined resistance from 31, defenders commanded by Lieutenant General Yoshitsugu Saito. The result of Ozawa's arrival was the Battle of the Philippine Sea , which pitted his fleet against seven American carriers led by Spruance and Mitscher. In the air, American aircraft downed over Japanese aircraft while only losing of their own. On Saipan, the Japanese fought tenaciously and slowly retreated into the island's mountains and caves.
As the Americans advanced, the island's civilians, who had been convinced that the Allies were barbarians, began a mass suicide, jumping from the island's cliffs.
Lacking supplies, Saito organized a final banzai attack for July 7. Beginning at dawn, it lasted over fifteen hours and overran two American battalions before it was contained and defeated. Two days later, Saipan was declared secure. The battle was the costliest to date for American forces with 14, casualties.
Almost the entire Japanese garrison of 31, was killed, including Saito, who took his own life. With Saipan taken, U. Landing with 36, men, the 3rd Marine Division and 77th Infantry Division drove the 18, Japanese defenders north until the island was secured on August 8. Reactors were constructed at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Hanford, Washington, in which uranium was irradiated and transmuted into plutonium. The plutonium was then chemically separated from the uranium.
Following a firebombing campaign that destroyed many Japanese cities, the Allies prepared for a costly invasion of Japan. American President Harry S. In Hiroshima, an area of approximately 4. About 70, to 80, people, of whom 20, were Japanese combatants and 20, were Korean slave laborers, or some 30 percent of the population of Hiroshima, were killed immediately, and another 70, injured.
The resulting explosion had a blast yield equivalent to 21 kilotons of TNT but was confined to the Urakami Valley and a major portion of the city was protected by the intervening hills, resulting in the destruction of about 44 percent of the city. Overall, an estimated 35,—40, people were killed and 60, injured. Estimates vary greatly, but within the first two to four months of the bombings, the acute effects of the atomic bombings killed 90,—, people in Hiroshima and 39,—80, in Nagasaki.
Many died from the effect of burns, radiation sickness, and other injuries, compounded by illness and malnutrition. In both cities, most of the dead were civilians, although Hiroshima had a sizable military garrison. Following the bombings, Emperor Hirohito intervened and ordered the Supreme Council for the Direction of the War to accept the terms the Allies had set down in the Potsdam Declaration for ending the war.
In the radio address, he announced the surrender of Japan to the Allies. Atomic bombing of Japan : Atomic bomb mushroom clouds over Hiroshima left and Nagasaki right. By the end of July , the Imperial Japanese Navy was incapable of conducting operations and an Allied invasion of Japan was imminent.
The Soviets, meanwhile, were preparing to attack the Japanese, in fulfillment of their promises to the United States and the United Kingdom made at the Tehran and Yalta Conferences. Truman, respectively. The terms of the declaration specified the matters of Japanese authorities e. Contrary to what had been intended at its conception, the declaration made no direct mention of the Emperor.
On August 6, , the United States dropped an atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima. Late in the evening of August 8, , in accordance with Yalta agreements but in violation of the Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan, and soon after midnight on August 9, , it invaded the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo.
Later that day, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on Nagasaki. The combined shock of these events caused Emperor Hirohito to intervene and order the Big Six to accept the terms for ending the war that the Allies had set down in the Potsdam Declaration.
In the radio address, he announced the surrender of Japan. On August 28, , the occupation of Japan by the supreme commander of the Allied powers began. After the formal surrender, investigations into Japanese war crimes began. At a meeting with MacArthur later in September, Emperor Hirohito offered to take blame for the war crimes, but his offer was rejected, and he was never tried. Japanese forces in Southeast Asia surrendered on September 12, , in Singapore.
It was not until that all prisoners held by America and Britain were repatriated. As late as April , China still held more than 60, Japanese prisoners. The logistical demands of the surrender were formidable. Japan and the Soviet Union formally made peace four years later, when they signed the Soviet-Japanese Joint Declaration of Privacy Policy.
Skip to main content. Search for:. The War in the Pacific. Learning Objectives Explain the military strategy behind Allied leapfrogging in the Pacific.
Key Takeaways Key Points Leapfrogging was a military strategy that entailed bypassing and isolating heavily fortified Japanese positions while preparing to take over strategically important islands.
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