In these political groups involved changing loyalties, back room deals, and political patronage. Since both Jefferson and Burr were Democratic Republicans, the Federalists had clearly lost the presidential election, but they felt they could, through political dealing and negotiations, decide which man would be president. Once the voting began with no clear sign of a winner, political threats seemed more serious than ever. There was talk of military action to prevent the Federalists from blocking Jefferson from taking office; talk of holding another national election in hopes of different results; talk of an assassination plot against Jefferson; talk of the secession of Virginia if Jefferson was not allowed to take office; personal threats against Federalist electors; and talk of a deal between the Federalists and Jefferson to give him the election if he would agree to continue Federalist policies.
Finally, on February 17, Delaware and South Carolina abstained from voting, allowing Jefferson a clear majority.
Jefferson was declared the winner on the 36th ballot. John Adams had already left Washington, and as was the custom at the time, Jefferson gave his inaugural address before taking the oath as president. Uncomfortable speaking in public, he addressed an audience of approximately people for fewer than 30 minutes. The speech was printed in the newspapers the next day and was well received by members of both parties.
The new nation was only 11 years old and had never had a president under the Constitution who was not a supporter of the Federalist ideas. As you work with this document, think of how Jefferson uses language in an attempt to ease the wounds of this bitter election, focusing on similarities rather than differences. Through his beliefs about government and his views for the future of America, note how Jefferson seeks to redirect the political culture of the country, moving from government by an elite group based mainly in New England to government by the people with a broader geographical base.
In the first sentence, Jefferson expresses three thoughts about his election to the presidency. What are they? Is Jefferson planning to govern alone? How do you know? In sentence three, to what branch of government is Jefferson reaching out in order to work with them? The legislature. Based on sentences one through three, what tone is Jefferson establishing with this introduction? How does he establish that tone? He establishes a conciliatory tone by complimenting others in the government and making sure they are recognized.
He also does not set himself above the members of the audience, even though he has just been elected president, by stating that he plans to work with the members of the legislature. He attempts to connect the executive and legislative branches, encouraging cooperation. In this excerpt Jefferson connects with his audience and recognizes the other members of government present. Pay attention to the tone Jefferson works to establish in this introduction. Excerpt 2 Close Reading Questions 5.
In sentence four Jefferson refers to the recent election. How does he characterize the election of ? This type of vigorous election is a good sign in a government where people are allowed to think freely, even though those from a more limited government might not understand that freedom. They could be foreigners, non-Americans, but they could also be those accustomed to monarchy. In sentence four, what does Jefferson say that the nation must now do after this intense election?
He focuses upon supporting the office, rather than the person. In sentence five Jefferson refers to the rights of the majority as well as those of the minority. How does he compare the two? Why does Jefferson make this statement about majority and minority? He is reminding the party that lost the election the minority that their voice will also be heard. He is trying to build a connection with the Federalists, who lost the election. What is the effect of this comparison? Note: This is an allusion to the Alien and Sedition Acts passed by the Federalists, the opposing party, in and to which Jefferson and his party were strongly opposed.
In sentence seven Jefferson uses juxtaposition — placing two ideas close together, usually for comparison — to emphasize the idea of political tolerance. Identify the two ideas and explain the effect of this comparison. They may differ in their opinion but that does not mean that their principles are different. Jefferson focuses on the similarities of his audience by focusing on the fact that the members of his audience share principles.
In sentence eight Jefferson uses antithesis, setting two ideas in direct contrast. How does this support sentence seven, encouraging the idea of political tolerance? He restates sentence seven.
Jefferson is speaking of the ideas of republicanism and federalism, not the political parties. He has de-emphasized political parties in the last two sentences and continues to do so in this sentence. Sentence nine is perhaps the best known quotation from this speech. How does this sentence contrast with sentences seven and eight?
In the previous two sentences he has deemphasized the importance of opinion and names and focused upon principles. He repeats that again in this sentence by reminding his audience that they all can believe in the principles of republicanism and federalism. Sentences seven and eight speak of differences; sentence nine speaks of inclusion.
In this excerpt Jefferson reaches out to the Federalist Party members in order to bridge the distance between his party, the Democratic Republicans, and the Federalists.
Finally, on February 17, on the thirty-sixth ballot, the opposition cracked and Jefferson was elected, ending "the fruitless contest" that had "agitated the public mind" and nearly plunged the nation into conflict.
Jefferson's election was one of his greatest political victories, vindicating his belief that "the sovereign people" would repel attacks on their liberties and the enduring republican principles of We have called by different names brethren of the same principle.
We are all republicans: we are all federalists. Faction and party were behind them. For Jefferson, the Republican triumph reunited the people behind the "strongest Government on earth," and restored the nation to its historic mission as a shining example to other countries of the felicities of freedom, the "world's best hope. Bitter rivalries, character assassinations, an electoral deadlock and a tie-breaking vote in the House of Representatives — the Election of had it all.
See what all the fuss was about ». An article courtesy of the Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia. Click for more.
Released on November 4, On taking up his post as Secretary of State in George Washington's administration in , Jefferson recalled his "wonder and mortification" that much of the political table talk in government circles revolved around a "preference of kingly, over republican, government.
Further Sources Dunn, Susan. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, Horn, James P. Onuf, eds. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, Larson, Edward J. New York: Free Press, Library of Congress. Presidential Election of A Resource Guide. Look for further sources on the election of in the Thomas Jefferson Portal. The electors are die hard loyal party members. Orginally the Electoral College was to be made up of leading citizens who could be trusted to exercise good judgment. Begin typing your search term above and press enter to search.
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