Over half of adults have been infected with CMV by age A person can also be re-infected with a different strain variety of the virus. Occasionally, CMV can cause mononucleosis or hepatitis liver problem. People with weakened immune systems who get CMV can have more serious symptoms affecting the eyes, lungs, liver, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Babies born with CMV can have brain, liver, spleen, lung, and growth problems. The most common long-term health problem in babies born with congenital CMV infection is hearing loss, which may be detected soon after birth or may develop later in childhood.
People with CMV may pass the virus in body fluids, such as saliva, urine, blood, tears, semen, and breast milk. These people may be treated with intravenous IV antiviral medicine, usually in a hospital.
Oral antiviral medicine also might be used at home after the infection is under control and no longer poses a serious risk. These antiviral medicines can have serious side effects, so doctors use them with caution, especially in children. In bone marrow transplant patients, the antiviral drug ganciclovir given in an IV can be helpful in fighting CMV infections. In rare cases, CMV-immune globulin might be given before someone receives an organ transplant.
Currently, there's no vaccine to prevent CMV infection. Washing hands well and often can help reduce the risk of infection. This is especially important for:.
It's also a good idea to not share eating utensils with young kids and to avoid close contact with anyone who has the infection.
A mother who has a CMV infection shouldn't stop breastfeeding her baby. The benefits of breastfeeding are believed to outweigh the risks of passing CMV to the baby, who is unlikely to develop any symptoms if infected. Reviewed by: Kenneth A. Infectious Diseases at Nemours Children's Health. Larger text size Large text size Regular text size. You can get this test at 15 to 20 weeks of pregnancy. Your provider also may use ultrasound to check for physical signs that your baby has CMV.
An ultrasound also called sonogram uses sound waves to show a picture of your baby before they are born. There is no cure for CMV, but medications can control infections.
This includes during pregnancy. People with weakened immune systems may need treatment with an antiviral medicine. These medicines kill infections caused by viruses. Medicines used to treat CMV include ganciclovir, valganciclovir, cidofovir and foscarnet. About 1 in babies less than 1 percent is born with congenital CMV in this country each year. Testing should be done within 2 to 3 weeks after your baby is born to confirm that your baby has congenital CMV.
Babies who show the signs of CMV at birth may be treated with antiviral medications. These medications can include ganciclovir or valganciclovir. However, both can cause serious side effects. More research about using antiviral medications on babies is needed. Using antivirals to treat babies with congenital CMV who have no signs at birth is not currently recommended. Babies with congenital CMV, with or without signs at birth, should have regular hearing checks.
This may include speech services or occupational therapy. CMV can be transmitted to your baby through breast milk while nursing. If you have CMV, you can nurse your baby if they were full term at birth. However, if your baby was born before 30 weeks of pregnancy and weighs less than 3.
Some preterm and low birthweight babies can get sick from infected breast milk. Freezing and pasteurizing heating breast milk can decrease the risk of transmission. However, freezing does not make nursing completely safe for your baby.
Scientists are working to develop vaccines for CMV. Vaccines make you immune to certain diseases. These vaccines may help prevent CMV infection in pregnant people and babies, and they may help reduce the chance that a baby born to an infected person will have health problems.
Get expert tips and resources from March of Dimes and CDC to increase your chance of having a healthy, fully-term pregnancy and baby. Sign up for our emails to receive great health information and join us in the fight for the health of moms and babies. March of Dimes leads the fight for the health of all moms and babies. We support research, lead programs and provide education and advocacy so that every family can have the best possible start.
Building on a successful year legacy, we support every pregnant person and every family. March of Dimes, a not-for-profit, section c 3. Privacy, Terms, and Notices , Cookie Settings. From mother to her unborn child. The highest risk to an unborn baby is when a woman acquires CMV for the first time during her pregnancy and when infection occurs during the first half of the pregnancy.
During delivery of a child. Through breast milk of an infected woman who is breast feeding. During sexual contact. Following an organ or bone marrow transplant. Following transfusion with infected blood. However, most blood products in Australia undergo a treatment process that greatly reduces the risk of CMV from blood transfusions.
Wash toys, and other surfaces that come into contact with urine or saliva, with detergent and warm water. Children who are unwell should stay home from childcare or school.
Do not share a toothbrush with a young child. Do not share food or drinks or eating utensils with a young child. Avoid contact with saliva when kissing a young child.
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